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The emergence of ancient literature and the establishment of “Leju”
Author: Wang Qizhou (Professor and doctoral supervisor of Chinese Chinese Academy of Literature, Intermediate Research and Discussion of Hubei Literature Science)
Source: “Hubei Science News. Philosophy and Social Science Edition”, 2020 Issue 1
Time: Confucius was in the 2570s Geng On the 27th day of the first lunar month, Guisi
� Emperor Hanwu “demolished all schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone”, established five doctoral students in “Pen”, “Book”, “Legend”, “Yi”, and “Year”, and appointed doctoral students. After more than 30 years of hard work, he completed the system construction of Confucian classics and Confucian teachings. However, Emperor Wu established a modern literary school, and the “Leju” has not been appointed as an official, so the ancient literary school is only passed down from the common people. Although the official study of Emperor Xuan was still the whole country where modern literature was studied, the study of ancient literature has achieved great development in the common people and has already had an impact on the time of Emperor Xuan. The conflicts among the school within the literature also sway the academic credibility and authority of the literature. When Emperor Ping, “Mao Poetry”, “Zuo Yu”, “Zhou Guan”, “Ancient Literature Shangshu” and “Leju” were successively appointed officials, laying the foundation for the academic position of ancient literature and forming the struggle for modern and ancient literature. Since the important promoters of ancient Chinese literature as officials were Liu Xin and Wang Mang, and Wang Mang died in the Xin Dynasty. Liu Xin was a teacher of the Xin Dynasty. Today’s literary scholars then pointed out that they had created classics and had poor intentions. Although “Mao Poetry”, “Zuo Ji” and “Zhou Guan” were later widely spread, while “Ancient Literature Shangshu” and “Leju” were still alive and destroyed, causing grand disputes. Comprehensive assessment of Liu Xin and Wang Mang’s objective and main-minded animation of ancient literature, combined with the spread of world literature, can confirm that they have not done anything, and the accusations of modern literary scholars cannot be established. As for the dissemination and whether the text of “Leju” is lost, we need to break out of the modern and ancient Chinese thinking to find a solution.
Keywords: Modern literature; Ancient literature; “Leju”; Liu Xin; Wang Mang;
As we all know, the Han Dynasty’s academic studies were divided into ancient literature and modern literature. The so-called modern and ancient texts ultimately only refer to the different books. Modern texts refer to seal books applied by the people of Qin and Han and the books simplified from them. Ancient texts refer to other books applied by pre-Qin countries (except Qin). The modern literature study in the Han Dynasty refers to the study of Confucian classics described in modern literature by Han people; the ancient literature study refers to the study of Confucian classics described in ancient literature by Han people. The modern literature and ancient literature have been in constant conflict since the late Western Han Dynasty. Confucian classics were defined and defined in the Han Dynasty, and today’s textThe conflict between academics and ancient Chinese language is precisely the main skill of students to compete for classical stereotypes and definitions, thereby strengthening their ideological and political positions and expanding their influence on social civilization. Emperor Wu of Han established five doctors in “Pen”, “Book”, “Legend”, “Yi”, and “Year”, but he did not establish his “Legend”. Emperor Hanping established a doctorate in “Leju”. Soon Wang Mang usurped the power and established the new dynasty. He died in more than ten years. “Leju” was also lost due to the collapse of Wang Mang’s political power. The existence of “Leju” may become a mystery for the ages, and it has been a long-term confusion in the academic world. To solve this problem, we must discuss it in combination with the occurrence of ancient Chinese language studies and the disputes between modern and ancient Chinese language studies, so that we can have a deep understanding and then advance the solution of the problem. Therefore, the author does not care about his rudeness and tries to advance from the history of ancient Chinese studies and the current and ancient Chinese studies to solve the problem of whether “Leju” can be established.
1
According to the “Historical Records”, in the 26th year of the First Emperor (221 BC), Qin merged with six countries, realizing national unity, and ordering “a French-style stone weighing, carriages and carriages, and books and words”; in the 28th year (219 BC), the First Emperor climbed Mount Yanya and carved stones, and the text contained words such as “one measure of instruments, same writings”; in the 34th year (213 BC), Li Si wrote: “I ask historians to be burned by all other than Qin Zhi; they are not appointed by doctoral officials. If there are those in the country who dare to avoid “Pian”, “Book”, and hundreds of schools of thought, they will be punished by “Pian”, “Book”, and “Book”; if they dare to write “Pian” and “Book” occasionally, they will abandon the market; if they are not in the past, they will be clan; if officials see and know that they do not follow, they will be punished by the same crime; if they are not burned for thirty days, they will be punished by the city. Those who do not go there will be books such as medicine, divination, and trees. If they want to learn the rules, they will be regarded as teachers.” The Shihuang ordered the order to burn the books and be implemented in the whole country. The Qin Dynasty “same writings” stopped the application of six languages, and forced the use of seal or books of the Qin people, and unified the writing of written books within the context. Later, seal script became the “modern text” widely used by the Han people, and the six languages (i.e. the “ancient text” called by the Han people) were abandoned; the First Emperor “burned books” and eliminated Confucian classics such as “Pen” and “Book” from the common people in order to consolidate social thinking. This measure also had a serious impact on the academic development of the Han Dynasty.
The rise and development of Han Chinese studies has gone through a long process. “Historical Records: Preface to the Confucianism” says: “The relationship between the sage and the literature has been based on its nature since ancient times. Therefore, when Han Xing was excited, then the Confucianism learned to practice his art and talk about the gifts of Dazhe and Country Drink. Shusun Tong wrote Bao Hui “Han Rong Gong” Because Taichang, all those who were determined by the students and those who were determined by the people of the door and the students were chosen, so he sighed and excited. However, there was another thing about the destruction of the world, and there was no time to go to the preface. When Xiaohui and Wuhou, both the ministers and ministers were meritorious in their military power, and Xiaowen was requisitioned. However, Emperor Xiaowen was fond of the words of punishment and reputation. When Xiaojing was at the end of Xiaojing, he did not serve as a Confucian scholar, and the Empress Dowager Chu was also fond of Huang Lao’s practice, so he asked the doctor to have an official position to ask, but no one had advanced. When the emperor ascended the throne, Zhao and Wang Zang were the masters of the Ming Confucian scholars, and the emperor was also a country(To) this, he recruited people who were directly qualified to be good literary scholars. Since then, he said “Pen” by Lu Shen Peigong, and was born in Qili, and was born in Korea by Yanqi, and was born in Fusan, and was born in Fusan, and said “Letter” by Lu Gaotang; said “Yi” by Zhuan, and was born in Chuan, and said “Year” by Zhuan, and was born in Hu’s mother, and was born in Dong Zhongshu. When Empress Dowager Wen died, Wu’an Hou Tian Fu became the prime minister, and the words of Huang Lao and the famous scholars of the hundreds of schools of thought were extended to the literature and hundreds of scholars. Gongsun Hong used the white clothes as the emperor’s three dukes and was granted the title of Marquis of Pingjin. The scholars across the country are all in the country. 2 In the preface, Sima accurately described the generalization of Confucianism before Emperor Wu of Han: Because Qin Shihuang burned books and buried scholars, the society in the early days was not stable, and because the rulers of the early days of Han were not happy, the rulers of Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Hui, Empress Wu, Emperor Wen, Emperor Jing and Empress Dowager Wen were not hap